1647 lines
413 KiB
HTML
Executable File
1647 lines
413 KiB
HTML
Executable File
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<h1 class="p_Heading1"><span class="f_Heading1">Altobridge Abbreviations</span></h1>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm#h9_a" class="topiclink">A</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_b" class="topiclink">B</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_c" class="topiclink">C</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_d" class="topiclink">D</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_e" class="topiclink">E</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_f" class="topiclink">F</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_g" class="topiclink">G</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_h" class="topiclink">H</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_i" class="topiclink">I</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_j" class="topiclink">J</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_k" class="topiclink">K</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_l" class="topiclink">L</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_m" class="topiclink">M</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_n" class="topiclink">N</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_o" class="topiclink">O</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_p" class="topiclink">P</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_q" class="topiclink">Q</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_r" class="topiclink">R</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_s" class="topiclink">S</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_t" class="topiclink">T</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_u" class="topiclink">U</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_v" class="topiclink">V</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_w" class="topiclink">W</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_x" class="topiclink">X</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_y" class="topiclink">Y</a> <a href="9.htm#h9_z" class="topiclink">Z</a></span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_a"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">A</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">A interface</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">This is the interface within the GSM network architecture between the BSS (Base Station Subsystem) and an MSC (Mobile Switching Center). The interface supports standard 64Kbps channels for signaling and traffic.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">A3</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Authentication algorithm that produces SRES using RAND and Ki. This variable is used by the network to authenticate a MS (Mobile Station) requesting network resources.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">A5</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Stream cipher algorithm residing on an MS that produces ciphertext out of plaintext using Kc.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">A8</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Ciphering key generating algorithm that produces Kc using RAND and Ki. This is used with A5/X to cipher the data stream between the MS (Mobile Station) and the GSM network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AAL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">ATM Adaptation Layer. A protocol that translates data into a format that can be interpreted by the ATM Cell.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AAS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Audio Announcement Server (also known as Voice Announcement System).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Access Burst. Also referred to as a Random Access Burst in GSM. It has a 68.25bit guard period, to ensure that the burst does not collide with other data in the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure when a GSM mobile is attempting to access the network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Abis (Abis interface)</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The interface within the GSM architecture, between the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and BSC (Base Station Controller). This interface is usually configured using a 16Kbps slot structure.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Alternating Current. In electricity, AC occurs when charge carriers in conductor or semiconductor periodically reverse their direction in movement.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ACCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Associated Control Channel. The GSM signaling channels associated with a user's traffic channel or dedicated signaling channel. Two ACCH are defined for GSM Circuit Switched operation. These are SACCH (Slow Associated Control Channel) and FACCH (Fast Associated Control Channel). In GPRS packet operation, a ACCH is allocated in conjunction with a PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic Channel) and is termed a PACCH (Packet Associated Control Channel).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ACM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Accumulated Call Meter. The accumulated charge for both the current call and all preceding calls as computed by the MS, expressed in terms of Home Units.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ACN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Application Context Name</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">A/D</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Analog to Digital converter. An A/D is a device for converting analogue signals into digital signals.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ADMIN, Admin</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">ADMINistration.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ADN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Abbreviated Dialing Number. ADN is another term for “speed dial number” that can be programmed into the mobile.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ADPCM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Adaptive Differential Pulse Coded Modulation. A form of PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM. ADPCM produces a lower bit rate by recording only the difference between samples and adjusting the coding scale dynamically to accommodate large and small differences.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AGC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Automatic Gain Control. Receiver function that generates constant power output under varying power input.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AGCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Access Grant CHannel. A GSM common control used to assign MS to a SDCCH or a TCH.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AIF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Interface carrying the signal between the BSC and MSC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Air interface</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The radio link between the BTS and the MS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AIS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Alarm Indication Signal. The AIS is a signal transmitted in lieu of the normal signal to maintain transmission continuity and to indicate to the receiving equipment that there is a transmission interruption located either at the equipment originating the AIS signal or upstream of that equipment.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Access Manager. The AM controls who can log on to the EMS. It allows administrators to send messages to users, to see what users are logged on, and to log them off.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Automatic Number Identification. ANI is a service feature in which the directory number or equipment number of a calling station is automatically obtained.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">American National Standards Institute. This is a US organization chartered to accredit standards developed by a wide variety of industry groups while avoiding improper influence from any one company or organization. ANSI does not develop standards, but reviews and implements those developed by other organizations.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Antenna. An ANT is a specialized transducer that converts RF (radio frequency) fields into AC (alternating current) or vice-versa.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">APN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Access Point Name. APN is a reference to the GGSN to be used.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ARIB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Association of Radio, Industry and Business. ARIB is a Japanese standards organization.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ARFCN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number. An integer that defines the absolute RF channel number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ARQ</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Automatic ReQuest for retransmission. ARQ is a communications feature in which the receiver asks the transmitter to resend a block or frame, generally because of errors detected by the receiver.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ASCII</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">American Standard Code for Information Exchange. ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ASE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Application Service Element. This function allows applications to communicate with one another in a SS7 system. Examples of an ASE include TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part) and MAP (Mobile Application Part).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ASIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Application Specific Integrated Circuit. These are circuit designs used by manufacturers to consolidate many chips into a single package, reducing board size and power consumption.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ASN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Abstract Syntax Notation. ASN is a representation of data which is independent of machine-oriented structures and encodings and also of the physical representation of the data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ATM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A multiplexed information transfer and switching method in which the data is organized into fixed length 53-octet cells and transmitted according to each application's instantaneous need.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ATT (flag)</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Attach.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AUC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Authentication Center. A GSM network entity that provides the functionality for verifying the identity of an MS when requested by the system. It is often a part of the HLR.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Austel</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Australian Telecommunications.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AUT (H)</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Authentication. AUT is the process of identifying / validating a subscriber. AUT in GSM is performed by the A3 algorithm.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AUTO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">AUTOmatic mode.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AWG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">American Wire Gauge. AWG is a U.S. standard set of non-ferrous wire conductor sizes. The “gauge” means the diameter.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_b"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">B</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">b</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bit. The smallest unit of information a computer can hold. The value of a bit is 1 or 0.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">B</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Byte (8 bits). The smallest addressable unit of storage; the amount of memory space used to store one character, which is usually 8 bits.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">B8ZS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution. A line code used for T1 which converts any string of 8 zeros of a DS-1 signal into a code which at the far end is converted back to eight zeros.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BCCH Allocation. The radio frequency channels allocated in a cell for BCCH transmission.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BAIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of All Incoming Calls supplementary service. A cellular supplementary service, that when invoked sets flags in the network databases to stop a subscriber receiving incoming calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BAOC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of All Outgoing Calls supplementary service. A cellular supplementary service, that when invoked sets flags in the network databases to stop a subscriber making outgoing calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BAOIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of All Outgoing and Incoming Calls supplementary service. A cellular supplementary service, that when invoked sets flags in the network databases to stop a subscriber receiving incoming calls and making outgoing calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BBH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Band Hopping. It means that the call will be switched between the different transmitters in a cell; the transmitters stay on the same frequency. This limits the number of frequencies to hop on to the number of transmitters in a cell.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BBU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Battery Backup Unit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BCC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BTS Color Code. This code is transmitted in the SB (Synchronization Burst) and is used in the MS (Mobile Station) to discriminate between cells using the same frequencies during the cell selection and camping on process. The BCC is also used to identify the TSC (Training Sequence Code) to be used when reading the BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Broadcast Control CHannel. This downlink channel contains specific parameters needed by a mobile in order that it can identify the network and gain access to it. Typical information includes the LAC (Location Area Code) and RAC (Routing Area Code), the MNC (Mobile Network Code) and BA (BCCH Allocation) list.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BCD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Binary Coded Decimal. BCD uses four bits to represent each decimal digit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base station Control Function. The GSM term for the digital control circuitry that controls the BTS. In Altobridge</span> cell sites, this is typically an ICP card located in the BTS.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BCIE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bearer Capability Information Element. The BCIE is an ISDN information element used to describe the bearer services such as data rate and speech quality required by an individual user.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BDIO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Board Input/Output.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BER</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bit Error Ratio or Bit Error Rate. A measure of signal quality in the GSM system.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BFI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bad Frame Indication. The BFI is a message used to indicate that a frame has been corrupted, or received in error.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BHCA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Busy Hour Call Attempt. BHCA is the number of call attempts during the busiest hour of the day.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of Incoming call supplementary services.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BIC-Roam service</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of Incoming Calls when Roaming outside the home PLMN country supplementary service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">bit/s</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bits per Second. bit/s is equal to the number of bits transmitted or received each second.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BLER</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BLock Error Rate. BLER is the rate of occurrence of blocks with errors, calculated as the ratio of erroneous blocks received over total blocks.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bm</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Full-rate traffic channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bit Number. Number that identifies the position of a particular bit period within a timeslot.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BNC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bayonet Node Connector. BNC is a connector for coaxial cables that locks when one connector is inserted in another and rotated 90 degrees.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of Outgoing call supplementary service. A cellular supplementary service, that when invoked sets flags in the network databases to stop a subscriber making all calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BOIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of Outgoing International Calls supplementary service. A cellular supplementary service, that when invoked sets flags in the network databases to stop a subscriber making International calls.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BOIC-exHC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Barring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed to the Home PLMN Country supplementary service. A cellular supplementary service, that when invoked sets flags in the network databases to stop a subscriber making International calls apart from those to their HPLMN (Home Public Land Mobile Network).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BPF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bandpass Filter. A BPF is a device that allows signals between two specific frequencies to pass, but that discriminates against signals at other frequencies.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">bps</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bits per Second. bps is equal to the number of bits transmitted or received each second.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BPV</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bipolar Violation. BPV occurs when the next successive in transmission is of the same polarity as the previous pulse.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BRAN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Broadband Radio Access Network. BRAN is a radio access network providing users with access at high bit rates.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Basic Service (group).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Bearer Service. A type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the transmission of signals between user-network interfaces. The PLMN connection type used to support a bearer service may be identical to that used to support other types of telecommunication service.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BS Plus</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Altobridge chassis containing BTS and BSC functionality.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Station Controller. A network component in the GSM PLMN that has the digital function of controlling all PBTSs. The PBSC can be located within a single PBTS cabinet (forming a BSS) but is more often located remotely and controls several PBTSs.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Basic Group Service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Transceiver Station Identity Code. The BSIC is broadcast on the SCH (Synchronization Channel) in order to identify the NCC (Network Color Code) and the BCC (Base Station Color Code).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSIC-NCELL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BSIC of an adjacent cell. BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) is a color code used in GSM to ensure that the source of a frequency transmission can be identified, in areas where multiple cells transmitting on the same frequency can be received.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Station Subsystem. The subsystem of base station equipment that is viewed by the MSC through a single interface. The BSS is defined by the GSM 08 series of recommendations as being the entity responsible for communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. The radio equipment of a BSS may cover one or more cells. A BSS may consist of one or more base stations. If an internal interface is implemented according to the GSM 08.5x series of recommendations, then the BSS consists of one BSC and several BTSs.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSSAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Station System Application Part. BSSAP is the protocol employed across the A interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSSGP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Station System GPRS Protocol. BSSGP is supported across the Gb interface. It conveys QoS information but does not carry out any form of error correction. Its primary function is to provide radio-related information for use by Radio Link Control (RLC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) on air interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSSMAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Station Subsystem Management Application Part. BSSMAP is used to convey general BSS (Base Station System) control information between the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) and the BSS. An example is the allocation of traffic channels between the MSC and the BSS.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSSOMAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Station Subsystem Operation and Maintenance Application Part. BSSOMAP is used to convey general BSS O&M (Operation and Maintenance) information between the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) and the BSS).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">See BSS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BTA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Basic Trading Area.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BTS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Base Transceiver Station. A network component in the GSM PLMN that serves one cell and is controlled by a BSC. The BTS contains one or more Transceivers (TRXs).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BTSM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BTS Management. BTSM is the Base Station Controller to the Base Transceiver Station (BSC - BTS) interface protocol (the A-bis interface).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Burst</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A period of modulated carrier less than one timeslot. The physical content of a timeslot.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BVC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BSSGP Virtual Connection. The BVC identifies an end to end virtual communication path between remote NS (Network Service) user entities.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">BVCI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BSSGP Virtural Connection Identifier. The BVCI is sent to the network services layer for routing signaling and data information to the correct peer functional entities. Each BVCI between two peers must be unique.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_c"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">C</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">C7</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">CCITT Signaling System No. 7 (SS7). This protocol suite is used to initiate call related and non call related circuits on ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) based networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cell Allocation. The radio frequency channels allocated to a particular cell.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CAI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Charge Advice Information. A charging tariff that is sent from the MSC (Mobile SWitching Center) and held on the mobile; this is used to calculate billing information on the mobile and present it to the user as charging advice.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CALEA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. CALEA is a voluntary accreditation for law enforcement agencies based on a body of standards internationally accepted by the law enforcement community.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CAMEL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic. CAMEL is a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) initiative to extend traditional IN (Intelligent Network) services found in fixed networks into mobile networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">CAMEL Application Part. CAP is a real time protocol used to specify that the user can roam into a foreign PLMN and control the way that its is also.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CAT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Central Address Table.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Breaker. A CB is a device that under abnormal conditions, such as a short circuit, stops the flow of current in an electrical circuit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CBC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cell Broadcast Center. The CBC is the functional entity within the mobile network that is responsible for the generation of cell broadcast information.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CBCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cell Broadcast CHannel. The CBCH supports part of the SMS (Short Message Service) group known as point to multipoint.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Country Code. A one, two or three digit number used to specify the destination country for international calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCBS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber supplementary service. CCBS is a supplementary service that will notify the caller when a called telephone becomes free and automates reconnection.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Clear Channel Capability or Call Content Channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Common Control CHannels. A class of GSM control channels used to control paging and grant access. Includes AGCH, PCH and RACH.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCCH-GROUP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Group of Mobile Stations in idle mode.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Control Function. CCF is a telephony industry term used to describe the setting up, monitoring, control and tearing down of calls.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Conditional Call Forwarding. A supplementary service in which calls are forwarded based on the current situation. For example if the user is not reachable or busy.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Control CHannel. Control channels are channels that carry system management messages.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCITT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Comitte Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique. (Now also known as ITU Telecommunications Standardization sector.)</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCPE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Control Channel Protocol Entity.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Hundred call-seconds. The unit in which the volume of telephone traffic is measured. A single call lasting one hundred seconds is one CCS. 36 CCS per hour = 1 call-hour = 1 erlang = 1 traffic unit. See Also erlang.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cct</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit. Cct is the complete path between two terminals over which one-way or two-way communications may be provided.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Control Unit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CCU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Channel Codec Unit. CCU is the functional element in BSS that handles low level GPRS control in radio.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Compact Disk Read Only Memory. Also known as CD-ROM.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CDA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Duplex Asynchronous.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CDC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Data Channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CDMA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA is a method for describing physical radio channels. Data intended for a specific channel is modulated with that channels code.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CDR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Detail Records. A CDR contains details such as the called and calling parties, originating switch, terminating switch, call length and time of day.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CD-ROM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Compact Disk Read Only Memory. Also known as CD.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CD-R</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Compact Disk Recordable. Refers to either the CD media or CD drive which allows you to record data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CD-RW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Compact Disk Rewritable. Refers to either the CD media or CD drive which allows you to record data and then rewrite data at a later time. See CD-R.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CDS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Duplex Synchronous.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CED</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Called station identifier.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cell</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">By GSM definition, a cell is an RF coverage area. At an omni-site, cell is synonymous with site; at a sectored site, cell is synonymous with sector. This differs from analogue systems where cell is taken to mean the same thing as site.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CEPT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Conference des administrations European des Postes et Telecommunications. CEPT is the organization, that has been superseded by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Forward. CF is a service in which the call intended for an intended recipient is forwarded onto a designated number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CFB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Busy. CFB is a supplementary service in which the incoming call is forwarded to a third party when the intended recipient is busy.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CFC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Conditional Call Forward.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CFNRC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Not Reachable. CFNRC is a supplementary service in which the incoming call is forwarded to a third party when the intended recipient is not reachable.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CFNRY</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Forwarding on No Reply supplementary service. CFNRY is a supplementary service in which the incoming call is forwarded to a third party when there is no reply from the intended party.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CFU, CFUC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Forwarding UnConditional. CFU and CFUC are supplementary services in which a call is forwarded irrespective of the situation.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CFW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Forward.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CGI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Common Gateway Interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CGF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Charging Gateway Function.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Channel. A CH is a separate path through which signals can flow.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Channel</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A means of one-way transmission. A defined sequence of periods (for example, timeslots) in a TDMA system; a defined frequency band in an FDMA system; a defined sequence of periods and frequency bands in a frequency hopped system.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CHV</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Card Holder Verification information.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Identity Code. The CIC is used to identify the trunk circuit to be connected. This variable is also used to associate the ISUP (ISDN User Part) messaging with a particular circuit. The CIC is an 8bit field within the SIF (Service Information Field) of the ISUP message. The coding of the CIC differs slightly between European and North American standards.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">C/I</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Carrier to Interference ratio. C/I is a comparison of C (carrier signal) to the I (interference) in dB.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cell Identity. A block of code which identifies a cell within a location area.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CIR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Carrier to Interference Ratio. This is a comparison of C (carrier signal) to the I (Interference) expressed as a ratio C/I.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CKSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Ciphering Key Sequence Number. The CKSN is used in key management in a GSM system. Since the Kc (cipher key) is dynamically generated through the authentication process some mechanism to ensure key consistency is required. The CKSN is employed to do this.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Class B</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Class B mobiles can be attached to both GPRS and GSM services, using one service at a time. Class B mobiles enable receiving and making a voice call or SMS during GPRS connection. During a voice call or SMS, GPRS service is suspended and resumes automatically after call or SMS session has ended.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Class C</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Class C mobile is attached to either GPRS or GSM voice service. You need to switch manually between services.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Calling Line Identity. CLI is an ISDN function to provide information to the user regarding the calling party address.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Command Line Interface. CLI is a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLIP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Calling Line Identification Presentation. CLIP is a supplementary service enabling the called party to receive the line identity of the calling party.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLIR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Calling Line Identification Restriction. CLIR is a supplementary service enabling the calling party to restrict the identity of the line on which they are calling.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLK</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Clock. The CLK is used to define the timing in the network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Connection-less Manager.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CLR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">CLeaR.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Configuration Management. A PEMS application.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CMA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cable Management Assembly. Top-mounted assembly that routes cables in and out of the Altobridge Wireless chassis.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CMD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Command.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CMM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Channel Mode Modify. CMM is a message sent to modify the characteristics of the current channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CMIP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Common Management Information Protocol. CMIP is a protocol used by an application process to exchange information and commands for the purpose of managing remote computer and communications resources.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CMTom</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Configuration Management TCSI Corporation Object Manager.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CNF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Conference Center.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">COLP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Connected Line Identification Presentation. The COLP Supplementary Service provides the calling party with the possibility to receive the line identity of the connected party.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">COLR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Connected Line Identification Restriction. The COLR supplementary service is used in conjunction with the COLP service. The COLR supplementary service blocks called party address information from being presented to the calling user.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Combo</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">See NIB.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Processing. CP is the sequence of operations performed by a switching system from the acceptance of an incoming call through the final disposition of the call.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CPC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Processing Center.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CPM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Communications Processor Module.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CPU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Central Processing Unit. The CPU is the part of a computer which controls all other parts. The CPU fetches instructions from memory and decodes them.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">C/R</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Command/Response field bit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Reference. A CR is used to identify calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Carriage Return (RETURN).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CRC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cyclic Redundancy Check (3 bit). CRC is a linear error code that is generated using a polynomial function on the data to be sent, the remainder from the process being the CRC. This is sent along with data so that a parity check of the received data can be conducted.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Controlled Slip.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Switching Center. The CSC which is part of the UltraWAVE MSC, provides high-capacity E1 transport and switching capability for the MSC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Switched Data. CSD requires the establishment of a circuit-switched connection before data can be transferred to its destination.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSER</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Change State Event Report.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Combined System Node. See PCSN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSPDN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Circuit Switched Public Data Network. CSPDN is a general wide area network used to provide circuit switched data services for commercial users.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSTA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call STAtistics.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Central Switching Unit. See MSC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Channel Service Unit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CTAU</span></p><p class="p_NormalTest2"><span class="f_NormalTest2">Continuous Timing Advance Update.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NormalTest2"><span class="f_NormalTest2"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CTIA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Cellular Telephone Industry Association. The CTIA is an association, located in Washington, D.C., that represents the interests of the wireless telecommunications industry.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CV</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Code Violations.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">CW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Waiting. CW is a supplementary service indicating to a user currently in call that another call is waiting.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">D</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">D/A</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital to Analog (converter). A D/A is a device for converting digital signals into analogue signals.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">dB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Decibel. A unit of power ratio measurement (10-1).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">DataBase. A DB is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed, </span>and updated.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Dummy Burst (see Dummy burst).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Direct Current. In DC, the electric charges flow always in the same direction, which distinguishes it from AC (alternating current).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Dedicated Control Channels. A class of GSM control channels used to set up calls and report measurements. Includes SDCCH, FACCH, and SACCH.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DCE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Data Circuit terminating Equipment. DCE is a terminal device that interfaces between the DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a transmission circuit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Data Communications Function.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DCS 1800</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital Communication System. A cellular phone network using digital techniques similar to those used in GSM 900, but operating on frequencies of 1710 - 1785 MHz and 1805 - 1880 MHz.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Definition documents for project realization.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DET</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Detach.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DHCP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP is a TCP/IP protocol that enables a personal computer or workstation to get temporary or permanent IP addresses from a pool on a centrally-administered server. DHCP is also used in the GSN to assign temporary IP addresses to GPRS enabled mobiles upon activation of a PDP context.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DIP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Dual Inline Package.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DISC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">DISConnect.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Data Link (layer). The data link layer is level two of the seven-level OSI model. It responds to service requests from the network layer and issues service requests to the physical layer.The data link layer is the layer of the model which ensures that data is transferred correctly between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network. The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DLCI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Data Link Connection Identifier. The DLCI identifies an individual users information stream as well as identifying the connections between terminal equipment and the user equipment.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dm</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Control Channel (ISDN terminology applied to mobile service).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DNS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Domain Name Server. A DNS maintains a database for resolving host names and IP addresses. Network devices query the DNS server by specifying a remote computers host name and receive in return, the hosts IP addresses.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Downlink</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Physical link from the BTS towards the MS (BTS transmits, MS receives).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DPC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Destination Point Code. A part of the label in a signaling message that uniquely identifies, in a signaling network, the (signaling) destination point of the message.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DRAM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Dynamic Random Access Memory. DRAM is dynamic, unlike static RAM, it needs to have its storage cells refreshed or given a new electronic charge every few milliseconds.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DRX, DRx</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Discontinuous Reception. A means of saving battery power (for example in hand-portable units) by periodically and automatically switching the MS receiver on and off.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DS0</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital Signal level 0.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DS1</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital Signal level 1.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DS3</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital Signal level 3.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DSP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital Signal Processor. A DSP is a specialized computer chip designed to perform speedy and complex operations on digitized waveforms.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DSUB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">D-SUBminiature Connector.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DSX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Digital Signal Cross-connect frame.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DTAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Direct Transfer Application Part. DTAP is an application protocol that is employed to pass signaling information between the MS (Mobile Station) and the MSC (Mobile Switching Center).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DTE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Data Terminal Equipment. DTE is the terminal device and may be a voice or data terminal. The DTE interfaces through a DCE (Data Communications Equipment).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DTMF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Dual Tone Multi-Frequency. DTMF is a system used by touch tone telephones where one high and one low </span>frequency, or tone, is assigned to each touch tone button on the phone.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">DTX, DTx</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Discontinuous Transmission. A means of saving battery power (for example, in hand-portable units) and reducing interference by automatically switching the transmitter off when no speech or data are to be sent.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dummy burst</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A period of carrier less than one timeslot, whose modulation is a defined sequence that carries no useful information. A dummy burst fills a timeslot with an RF signal when no information is to be delivered to a channel.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_e"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">E</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">E</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">See Erlang.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">E1</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">2 Mbit/s communication system. As used in this user document set, the term applies to the European 4-wire 2.048 Mbit/s digital line or link which can carry 30 A-law PCM channels or 120 16 kbit/s GSM channels.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">External Alarms.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EAE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Extended Application Entity.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Eb/No</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Energy per Bit/Noise floor. Eb/No is a measure of the ratio of the energy in a signal to additive noise and interference.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EBSG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Elementary Basic Service Group.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Echo Canceller. EC is a device that reduces or eliminates echoes in voice transmission systems.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ECM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Error Correction Mode (facsimile). ECM detects errors during fax transmission and resends the page(s) of the document that had an error.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ECT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Explicit Call Transfer supplementary service. ECT is a supplementary service which enables a user to connect two other parties with which he is engaged in a telephone call while leaving the connection himself.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ec/No</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Ratio of energy per modulating bit to the noise spectral density.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EEL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Electric Echo Loss.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EEPROM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. EEPROM is user-modifiable ROM (read-only memory) that can be erased and reprogrammed repeatedly through the application of higher than normal electrical voltage.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EFR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Enhanced Full Rate. Voice coding system designed to improve voice quality on mobiles. To take advantage of this technology, EFR has to be used by handset and supplied by network.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EIR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Equipment Identity Register. The EIR is a database which may be used to check whether an MS (Mobile Station) is stolen or not.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EIRP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Effective Isotropic Radiated Power. EIRP is the unit of measurement of the strength of a radiated field. Typically that from a radio antenna.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EMC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Electromagnetic Compatibility. EMC is the ability of a device to operate without electromagnetically interfering with the operation of nearby equipment and without suffering disturbances from the electromagnetic fields in its designated environment.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EMI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Electromagnetic Interference. EMI is any electromagnetic disturbance that limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EMS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Element Management System. EMS controls of the PLMN nodes operating via a graphical user interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EPROM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. EPROMs are nonvolatile memory chips that are programmed after they are manufactured, and, if necessary, can be erased by some means and reprogrammed.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Erlang</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International (dimensionless) unit of traffic intensity defined as the ratio of time a facility is occupied to the time it is available for occupancy. One Erlang is equal to 36 CCS. In the US this is also known as a traffic unit (TU).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ERP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Effective Radiated Power. ERP is the product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave diplole in a given direction.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ETR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">ETSI Technical Report.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ETS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">European Telecommunication Standard.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ETSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI is the standards body established to coordinate the development of telecommunications systems within Europe. These systems relate to fixed, wireless and cellular systems.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ETX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">End of Transmission. ETX is ASCII character 4, indicating a transmission is over.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ES</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Error Second.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ESF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Extended Super Frame. ETS is a T1 framing format that utilizes the 193rd bit as a framing bit, but whose Superframe is made up of 24 frames instead of 12 as in D4 format.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EVRC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Enhanced Variable Rate Codec. EVRC is a codec which is widely used in CDMA networks. It is a Relaxation Code Excited Linear prediction (RCELP) based codec for variable rates of operation in CDMA base systems.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EXZ</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Excessive Zeros. EXZ for a B8ZS coded signal occurs when more than seven contiguous zeroes are detected.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_f"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">F</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Full Allocation.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Fax Adaptor.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FACCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Fast Associated Control Channel. The FACCH appears in place of the traffic channel when lengthy signaling is required between a GSM mobile and the network while the mobile is in a call. The channel is indicated by use of the stealing flags in the normal burst. Typical signaling where this may be employed is during cell handover.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FACCH/F</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Full rate Fast Associated Control Channel. The FACCH is associated with a full rate traffic channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FACCH/H</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Half rate Fast Associated Control Channel. The FACCH is associated with a half rate traffic channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frequency correction Burst.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FCB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">(Frequency Correction Burst) Period of RF carrier less than one timeslot whose modulation bit stream correction allows frequency to be performed easily within an MS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FCC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Federal Communications Commission. The FCC is a U.S. government agency that supervises, licenses, and controls electronic and electromagnetic transmission standards.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frequency Correction Channel. A GSM broadcast control channel which carries information for frequency correction of the mobile (MS).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FCS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frame Check Sequence. FCS is a HDLC scheme used for error detection where 16 bits are added to both LAPD and MTP 2.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FDMA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frequency Division Multiple Access. FDMA is a technique in which multiple users of a radio system are separated in the frequency domain.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FDN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Fixed Dialing Number. FDN allows calls only to predefined numbers.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frame bit Error.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FEC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Forward Error Correction. FEC techniques pass additional information along with the user data to the receiver. Any corruption of the user data can be repaired by the use of the additional data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FER</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frame Erasure Ratio. FER is the fraction of lost erroneous frames.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frequency Hopping. FH is the repeated switching of frequencies during radio transmission according to a specified algorithm, to minimize unauthorized interception or jamming of telecommunications.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FIFO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">First-In First-Out. FIFO is a term used to describe routing buffers where no QoS (Quality of Service) is applied to packets entering the router. Packets are treated in the order that they are received by the router.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FIR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Finite Impulse Response (filter type). A FIR is a filter whose response to a single point, or impulse, has finite extent. A FIR can be implemented using convolution.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Fault. A FL is anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Fault Management (at EMS).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frequency Modulation. FM is a technique in which the frequency of the carrier is shifted by an amount proportional to the amplitude of the modulated signal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frame Number. Identifies the position of a particular TDMA frame within a hyperframe.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Full Rate. Refers to the current capacity of a data channel on the GSM air interface, that is, eight simultaneous calls per carrier (See Also HR - Half Rate).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frame Relay. FR services are based on Broadband ISDN. The system supports very basic frames consisting of a logical channel address known as a DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier). Frame handlers switch the logical channels based on switching tables populated through signaling or network management functions. Frames are variable in length with the maximum payload of 4,096 octets.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FRAD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frame Relay Access Device. A FRAD (also sometimes referred to as a frame relay assembler/disassembler) is a piece of networking equipment that assembles and disassembles data frames.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FPGA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Field Programmable Gate Array. A FPGA is a an IC (integrated circuit) that can be programmed in the field after manufacture.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Frequency Synchronization.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FSE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Field Service Engineer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FSL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Free Space Loss. The decrease in the strength of a radio signal as it travels between a transmitter and receiver. The FSL is a function of the frequency of the radio signal and the distance the radio signal has traveled from the point source.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FT1</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Fractional T1. FT1 is a portion of the 1.544 Mb/s (T1-aggregate) bit stream; the available fractions being determined by the type of multiplexer to achieve the T1 aggregate bit stream.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ft.</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Foot.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ftn</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Forwarded-to number. Ftn is the number to which a call has been forwarded.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">File Transfer Protocol. A client server application protocol using well known ports 20 and 21. it uses the services of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) to provide reliability in the transfer of data files between network nodes.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_g"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">G</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gateway MSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">An MSC that provides an entry point into the GSM PLMN from another network or service. A gateway MSC is also an interrogating node for incoming PLMN calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GigaByte (109). A GB is a measure of computer data storage capacity and is equal to one thousand million bytes.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Gb Interface</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The interface between the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) and BSS (Base Station System).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GHz</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GigaHertz (109). Hertz is the number of cycles per second in an event (such as an electromagnetic wave); one Hz is equal to one cycle per second. GHz is equal to one thousand million hertz (1,000,000,000 Hz).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GGSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Gateway GPRS Support Node. The GGSN is a wireless gateway that allows mobile phone users to access the PDN (public data network) or specified private IP networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GMM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Mobility Management. GMM is the protocol stack between the MS (Mobile Station) and the SGSN (Service GPRS Support Node) that handles GPRS attach/detach, PDP context activation/deactivation, etc.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GMSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Gateway Mobile Switching Center (see Gateway MSC).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GMSK</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying. The modulation technique used in GSM.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GND</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GrouND. In electrical engineering, something that is connected to the earth or at the voltage defined as zero.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GoS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Grade of Service. GoS defines the quality of a telephone service in terms of a user receiving a network busy signal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GPA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GSM PLMN Area.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GPRS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">General Packet Radio Service. GPRS is a packet-based wireless communication service that promises data rates from 56 up to 114Kbps and continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users. GPRS is based on GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) and complements existing standards.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GPS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Global Positioning System. GPS comprises of multiple satellites all of which orbit the earth twice a day. Users with a GPS receiver use timing information from the satellites in order to triangulate their position on the earth surface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GRX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Roaming Exchange (GRX). Acts as a backbone between the individual PLMN/GPRS networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GSM Service Area. The area in which an MS can be reached by a fixed subscriber, without the subscriber's knowledge of the location of the MS. A GSA may include the areas served by several GSM PLMNs.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GSM System Area. The group of GSM PLMN areas accessible by GSM mobile stations.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Subscriber Control.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Subscriber Data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Group Special Mobile (the committee). The group of people in France that started the specification work for GSM.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Global System for Mobile Communications (the system). Also, a term generically used to refer to GSM network (900 MHz), DCS network (1800 MHz), and PCS network (1900 MHz) systems.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSM 900</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A cellular phone network using digital techniques conforming to the GSM standard, operating on frequencies of 890 - 915 MHz and 935 - 960 MHz. Also known as GSM.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Support Node (see GPRS). GSN is a term which is used to include both GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) and SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Global Title. The GT is an address used for routing in an SS7 network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GTL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Transport Layer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GPRS Tunnelling Protocol. GPRS Tunneling Protocol responsible for mobile initiated/network initiated PDP context activation/deactivation and tunneling of user data between SGSN and GGSN.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GTT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Global Title Translation. The function of the GTT tables is to map titles to point codes and belongs to SCCP of SS7.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Guard Period</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Period at the beginning and end of timeslot during which MS transmission is attenuated.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">GUI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Graphical User Interface. GUI was the term coined when windows based operating systems were integrated with mouse operations. The concept of buttons, scroll bars and point and click operations have enhanced the interface.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_h"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">H</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Handover</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The action of switching a call in progress from one radio channel to another radio channel. Handover allows established calls to continue by switching them to another radio resource, as when an MS moves from one BTS area to another. Handovers may take place between the following GSM entities: timeslot, RF carrier, cell, BTS, BSS and MSC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HDLC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">High-level Data Link Control. HDLC is a Layer 2 protocol for point to point and multipoint delivery of data. The frame consists of flags to delimit the frame, along with addressing information and control information which is used when the protocol is employed in the acknowledged mode. Also included in the frame is a payload area and a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HLR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Home Location Register. The VLR where the current location and all subscriber parameters of an MS are permanently stored.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HLRID</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Home Location Register IDentifier.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">HandOver. The action of switching a call in progress from one radio channel to another radio channel. Handover allows established calls to continue by switching them to another radio resource, for example, when MSs move from one base station area to another.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HOLD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call hold supplementary service. HOLD is a supplementary service which allows you to hold a current conversation, receive an incoming call or make a new call.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HPLMN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Home Public Land Mobile Network. The HPLMN identifies the PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) in which the subscribers profile is held. Users roaming to other networks will receive subscription information from the HPLMN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Half Rate. Refers to a type of data channel that will double the current GSM air interface capacity to 16 simultaneous calls per carrier (See Also FR - Full Rate).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">HandSet.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HSCSD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">High Speed Circuit Switched Data. HSCSD enhances the data rates of the GSM network by combining timeslots over the radio interface. Data rates of 14.4Kbps, using one timeslot, 28.8Kbps using two time slots, or 57.6Kbps using four time slots can be achieved.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Hopping Sequence Number. HSN is the parameter that determines the type of hopping pattern to be used in frequency hopping.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HTML</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Hyper Text Markup Language. HLML is an authoring language in which tags are used to format data and pictures on the HTML page. In addition, commands to download applications, generate hyperlinks and provide dynamic user interaction may also be included.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HTTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the standard protocol for the carriage of data around the internet.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Hardware.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hyperframe</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">2048 superframes. The longest recurrent time period of the frame structure.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hz</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Hertz, cycles per second.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">HZ</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Home Zone. Altobridge's HZ application uses GSM cellular technology to provide Wireless Local Loop services, and enable mobility within a neighborhood.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_i"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">I</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">iPALIM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">IP Private A-link Intelligent Multiplexer</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">iRLS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Intelligent RTP Local Switching</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">I</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Information (frames).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IAM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Initial Address Message. The IAM is used to seize a circuit and transfer addressing and call handling/routing information in SS7 signaling networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Internet Access Point.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Integrated Circuit. An IC is an electronic circuit that consists of many individual circuit elements, such as transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors and other active and passive semiconductor devices, formed on a single chip of semiconducting material and mounted on a piece of substrate material.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ICB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Incoming Calls Barred.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ICMP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Internet Control Message Protocol. The ICMP is a Layer 2 protocol that reports errors and provides other information relevant to IP packet processing.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ICP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call Processor card.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IDD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Direct Dial. IDD is an international number which can be dialled directly by the user. As such, </span>it will include the international prefix for the country.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IDIAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Call identifying internet access point.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ID, id</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Identification/Identity. A generic term used to identify such things as a user, network, channel, area, etc.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Information Element. An IE is a group of information which may be included within a signaling message or data flow which is sent across an interface.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IEC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Electrotechnical Commission. The IEC is an organization in Geneva that sets international standards for the electrical and electronic fields.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IEEE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. The IEEE is a professional organization whose activities include the development of communications and network standards.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Intermediate Frequency.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">InterModulation. IM is the production, in a nonlinear element of a system, of frequencies corresponding to the sum and difference frequencies of the fundamentals and harmonics thereof that are transmitted through the element.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IMDX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest">Intelligent MAP-D Multiplexer</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IMEI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Mobile station Equipment Identity. Electronic serial number that uniquely identifies the MS as a piece or assembly of equipment. The IMEI is sent by the MS along with request for service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IMSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Mobile Subscriber Identity. Published mobile number (prior to ISDN) (See Also MSISDN) that uniquely identifies the subscription. It can serve as a key to derive subscriber information such as directory number(s) from the HLR.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IMP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Management protocol enabling communication between the GSM network elements, Breeze2000 MSC and the EMS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IMT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Mobile Telephony.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Intelligent Network. An IN is a network in which the intelligence is centralized and separated from the switching function. IN systems provide enhanced services.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">INAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Intelligent Network Application Part. IN is the protocol offering real time communication between IN (Intelligent Network) elements.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">in. lbs.</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Inch pounds (torque).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">INP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Processor.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">INS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">IN Service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Interworking</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The general term used to describe the inter-operation of networks, services, supplementary services and so on. See Also IWF.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">I/0</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Input/Output. I/O describes any operation, program, or device that transfers data to or from a computer.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Internet Protocol. The IP provides a connectionless service between networks. The protocol provides features for addressing, type-of-service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IRP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Altobridge radio processor located on the two slot TRXs which enable GPRS functionality over the air (Um) interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ISDN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Integrated Services Digital Network. An integrated services network that provides digital connections between user-network interfaces.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ISI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Inter Symbol Interference. ISI is the interference between adjacent pulses of a transmitted code.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ISO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Standards Organization. The ISO is responsible for a wide range of standards, including those relevant to networking. The ISO developed the OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model which is a popular networking reference tool.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ISP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a company that provides Internet access to other companies and individuals.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ISR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Altobridge single slot radio (TRX) card which enables greater functionality, such as GPRS and frequency hopping on the UltraWAVE platforms.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ISUP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">ISDN User Part. ISUP is part of the SS7 (Signaling System No.7) protocol layer and used in the setting up, management, and release of trunks that carry voice and data between calling and called parties.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ITU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">International Telecommunications Union. The ITU was established by the United Nations in order to determine a set of international telecommunications standards and to allocate radio frequencies for specific uses.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IWF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Interworking Function. A network functional entity which provides network interworking, service interworking, supplementary service interworking or signaling interworking. It may be a part of one or more logical or physical entities in a GSM PLMN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IWP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">First generation processor card for Altobridge GSM network elements.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_j"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">J</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">JRE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Java Runtime Environment. The JRE is part of the JDK (Java Development Kit), a set of programming tools for developing Java applications. The JRE provides the minimum requirements for executing a Java application.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">JS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Jump Start.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">JTC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Joint Technical Committee.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_k"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">K</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">k</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">kilo (1000). A combining form used to signify thousand in forming the names of units of measurement.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">K</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Constraint length of the convolutional code.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">kb</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">kilobit (1000).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">kbit/s, kbps</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">kilobit per second (1000). kbit/s or kbps is a measurement of “data rate” and is equal to 1000 bits every second.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Kc</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Ciphering key. A sequence of symbols that controls the operation of encipherment and decipherment.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">kg</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">kilogram (1000).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">KHz</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">kiloHertz (1000). KHz is a measure of frequency equal to 1000 cycles per second.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ki</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Individual subscriber authentication Key (part of authentication process of AUC).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">kW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">kiloWatt (1000). KW is a unit of power equal to 1000 watts.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_l"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">L</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">L1</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Layer 1. L1 provides the functions for the transparent transmission of a bit stream between data link entities.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">L2ML</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Layer 2 Management Link. The L2ML controls the TEI (Terminal Endpoint Identifier) management and addressing procedures (allocation, de-allocation of BTS internal transceiver addresses)</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">L3</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Layer 3. L3 provides the paths for the transfer of data between systems and across networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Location Area. An area in which an MS (Mobile Station) may move freely without updating the location register. An LA may comprise one or several base station areas. It is also the area that is used to page the MS (Mobile Station).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LAC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Location Area Code. This code uniquely identifies a (LA) Location Area within a PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network). It may range from 0 to 65,535.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LAI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Location Area Identification (identity). The information indicating the location area in which a cell is located.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LAN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Local Area Network. A LAN is a network shared by communicating devices, usually on a small geographical area.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LAPD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Link Access Protocol on the D channel. LAPD is a Layer 2 protocol used on the ISDN D channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LAPDm</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Link Access Protocol on the Dm channel. LAPDm is a modified version of LAPD and is used to support the transport of information between the mobile and the network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">lbs.</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Pounds (force).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Local Exchange. A LE is the first telephone exchange or switch into which the lines connecting subscribers terminate.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LEA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Law Enforcement Agency. LEA is an agency responsible for insuring obedience to the laws.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LED</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Light Emitting Diode. A LED is a device which converts electrical energy into light.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Length Indicator. The LI is used to specify the number of octets which make up a given IE (Information Element).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LIU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Line Interface Unit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LLC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Logical Link Control is responsible for acknowledged / unacknowledged data transfer. It provides a reliable logical link between the MS and the SGSN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LNA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Low Noise Amplifier. A LNA is a device that receives and amplifies weak signals, whilst contributing as little noise as possible.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Location Area</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">An area in which a mobile station may move freely without updating the location register. A location area may comprise one or several base station areas.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LOF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Loss of Frame. LOF is a type of transmission error that may occur in wide-area carrier lines.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LOS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Loss of Signal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LPC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Linear Predictive Coding. LPC is an encoding technique used to aid in the prediction of the next sample.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Location Register. An LR is a database function storing information typically used in the routing of signaling information. Examples include the HLR (Home Location Register) and the VLR (Visitor Location Register).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LTE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Local Terminal Emulator.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">LTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Long Term Predictive.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_m"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">M</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">M3UA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">MTP3 User Adaptation Layer. The M3UA provides the equivalent set of primitives at its upper layer to the MTP3 users as provided by the MTP Level 3. In effect, the M3UA extends access to the MTP3 layer services to a remote IP based application.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">M</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mega. M means million.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">m</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Meters.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">M</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mandatory.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Allocation. The radio frequency channels allocated to an MS for use in its frequency hopping sequence.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MAC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Medium Access Control. MAC is the lower of the two sublayers of the Data Link Layer and handles access to a shared medium.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MACN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Allocation Channel Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MAH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Access Hunting supplementary service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MAI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Allocation Index.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MAINT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">MAINTenance.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MAIO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Allocation Index Offset.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Application Part (of Signaling System No. 7). The inter-networking signaling between MSCs and LRs and EIRs.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">MegaBytes. A MB is a unit of measurement for computer storage, memory and information. It is approximately equal to one million bytes.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mbps, Mb/s</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Megabits per Second. Mbps describes a unit of data transfer to and from a computer storage device.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MCC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Country Code. The MCC is a three digit number uniquely identifying a given country. It is utilized within the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI (Location Area Identity).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MCC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Multi-Channel Controller.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MCI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Malicious Call Identification supplementary service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MCL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Minimum Coupling Loss.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MDM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Directory Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ME</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Equipment. Equipment intended to access a set of GSM PLMN services, but which does not contain subscriber related information. Services may be accessed while the equipment, capable of surface movement within the GSM system area, is in motion or during halts at unspecified points.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">MultiFrame.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Multi-Frequency (tone signaling type).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MFCR2</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling and control protocol used in South America.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MGCP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Media Gateway Control Protocol. A voice protocol that runs in conjunction with SS7 and an IP protocol to bridge circuit switched and packet networks. MGCP separates the signalling and call control from the media gateway.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MGMT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Management.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MGR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Manager.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MHC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Multisite HLR Coordinator</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MHS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Message Handling System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MHz</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">MegaHertz. MHz is a measure of frequency equal to one million cycles per second.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MIB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Management Information Base. EMS representation of object database.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Microcell</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A cell in which the base station antenna is generally mounted below rooftop level. Radio wave propagation is by diffraction and scattering around buildings, the main propagation is within street canyons.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">min</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Minute.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobility Management. MM is a generic term representing the specific mobility functions provided by a mobile network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MMI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Man Machine Interface. MMI is the interface between the user and the equipment or machine.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MNC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Network Code. The MNC is either a two or a three digit number used to uniquely identify a given network within a specified country. The MNC is used as part of the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI (Location Area Identity).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MNRG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile station Not Reachable for GPRS Flag. This flag is found at the HLR (Home Location Register) and indicates that the mobile is not reachable through a SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node). The presence of the flag will prevent any unnecessary GPRS signaling.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Originated. This is the term given to all communication initiated at the mobile.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MOM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Manager of Managers.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MoU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Memorandum of Understanding.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MPT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Ministry of Post & Telecommunications.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MPTY</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Multi ParTY supplementary service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MRFC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Media Resource Function Controller</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MRFP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Media Resource Function Processor</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MRN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Roaming Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Station. The GSM subscriber unit. It is comprised of two distinct elements, the ME (Mobile Equipment) and the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Switching Center.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSC-CCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Switching Center-Call Control Function. The MSC-CCF server is integrated in the MSS. This server is responsible for call control, processing and PSTN access for the UltraWAVE system.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSCM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Station Class Mark.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">msec</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">millisecond (.001 second).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Subscriber Identity.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSIN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Station Identification Number. The MSIN forms part of the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) to uniquely identify a mobile or subscription from within a given network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSISDN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network. Published mobile number (See Also IMSI). Uniquely defines the mobile station as an ISDN terminal. It consists of three parts: the Country Code (CC), the National Destination Code (NDC) and the Subscriber Number (SN).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSRN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Station Roaming Number. A number assigned by the MSC to service and track a visiting subscriber.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MSS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Multi-Service Server. The MSS is part of the UltraWAVE system and is running the VLR and MSC-CCF. It may also include the HLR, AUC, PPS, SMSC and VPS as optional servers.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Terminated. This is the term given to all communication which terminates at the mobile.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MT(0,1,2)</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile Termination. The part of the MS which terminates the radio transmission to and from the network and adapts terminal equipment (TE) capabilities to those of the radio transmission. MT0 is mobile termination for voice with no support for terminal equipment. MT1 is mobile termination with support for an ISDN S-type interface. MT2 is mobile termination with support for a modem (R-type) interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MTA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Metropolitan Trading Area.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MTBF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mean Time Between Failures. The average time a component works with out failure.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MTM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mobile-To-Mobile (call).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Message Transfer Part. The MTP forms part of the SS7 protocol stack and provides reliable routing usually </span>within a network.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MTP3</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Message Transfer Part level 3 provides message routing between signaling points in the SS7 network. It re-routes traffic away from failed links and signaling points and controls traffic when congestion occurs.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MTTR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Mean Time To Repair. The average time to repair a failed system or device.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Multiframe</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Two types of multiframes are defined in the system: a 26-frame multiframe with a period of 120 ms and a 51-frame multiframe with a period of 3060/13 ms.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">MUX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Multiplexer. This is the term given to a device which multiplexes several signals onto a common </span>transmission channel.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_n"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">N</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">N.cm</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Newton-centimeters (torque).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NAIG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">North American Interest Group.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NAM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Access Mode.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Normal Burst (see Normal burst).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NCC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network (PLMN) Color Code. The NCC is broadcasted as part of the BSIC (Base Station Identity Code). It is used to differentiate between operators utilizing the same frequencies.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NCELL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Neighboring (or current serving) Cell.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NDC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">National Destination Code.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Element (Network Entity). A generic term used to describe equipment operating as part of a communication network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NGR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">New Generation Radio.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NIB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">GSM Network in a Box. The Altobridge chassis containing UltraWAVE, BSC and BTS functionality.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NIC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Interface Card. A NIC allows a device to communicate across a network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Management (manager). NM is all activities which control, monitor and record the use and the performance of resources of a telecommunications network in order to provide telecommunication services to customers/users at a certain level of quality.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NMC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Management Center. The NMC node of the GSM TMN provides global and centralized GSM PLMN monitoring and control, by being at the top of the TMN hierarchy and linked to subordinate EMS nodes.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NMI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Management Interface. NMI is used from the Craft PC or the EMS to verify and change equipment parameters.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NMS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Management System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Normal burst</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A period of modulated carrier less than a timeslot.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NPI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Number Plan Identifier.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Not Required.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NRZ</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Non Return to Zero.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Service (sub-network independent portions) protocol between the SGSN and the BSS. This protocol manages NSVCs associated with NSEIs and performs load sharing among them.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NSEI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Service Element Identifier. The NSEI together with the BVCI uniquely identifies a BSSGP virtual connection.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NSS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Switch Subsystem.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NSVC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Service Virtual Connection. Each physical link in Frame Relay can accommodate multiple permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) that are mapped to the NS virtual circuit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NSVCI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Network Service Virtual Connection Identifier. NSVCI identifies the circuit used in Gb interface carrying data over the frame relay link between BSS and SGSN</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">NT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Non Transparent. NT utilizes the RLP (Radio Link Protocol) to ensure error free data by adopting a retransmission </span>mechanism.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_o"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">O</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">O&M, OAM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance. This term refers to the processes and functions used in managing a network or an element within a network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OACSU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Off-Air Call SetUp. The procedure in which a telecommunication connection is being established while the RF link between the MS and the BTS is not occupied.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OCB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Outgoing Calls Barred within the closed user group.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ODB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operator Determined Barring.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OEM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Original Equipment Manufacturer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OFL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">OverFlow (in percentage terms).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OMAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance Application Part (of Signaling System No. 7).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OMC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance Center. The OMC node of the GSM TMN (Telecommunications Management Network) provides dynamic OAM monitoring and control of the PLMN nodes operating in the geographical area controlled by the specific OMC. </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OMC-D</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance Center - Data Part.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OMC-R</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance Center - Radio Part.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OMC-S</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance Center - Switch Part.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OML</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operations and Maintenance Link.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OOF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Out Of Frame.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OOS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Out Of Service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OPC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Originating Point Code. A part of the label in a signaling message that uniquely identifies, in a signaling network, the (signaling) origination point of the message.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OPPS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest">Open-Prepaid-Roaming Public-Private System</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OPR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest">Open-to-all Prepaid Roaming</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operating System. This can be described as the software within a computer which controls basic functions.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Open Systems Interconnection. The OSI is a 7 layer reference model developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OSP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Object Service Packages.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">OSS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Operating Support System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_p"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">P</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Power Amplifier.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PABX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Private Automatic Branch eXchange. The PABX is a private switch often found within a company. The PABX will perform switching of local calls within the company as well as setting up external connections with the local carrier.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PACCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Associated Control Channel. The PACCH coveys signaling information related to a given GPRS mobile such as acknowledgements and power control information. The PACCH also carries resource assignment and reassignment messages.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PACS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Personal Access Communication System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PAD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Assembly / Disassembly. A PAD is a device used to assemble and disassemble packets enabling simple devices to connect to a packet switched network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PAGCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Paging and Access Grant Channel. The PAGCH is used in the GPRS packet transfer establishment phase to send resource assignment to a MS (Mobile Station) prior to packet transfer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Paging</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The procedure by which a GSM PLMN fixed infrastructure attempts to reach an MS within its location area, before any other network-initiated procedure can take place.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PALIM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Private A-Link Intelligent Multiplexer interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PBX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Private Branch exchange. An exchange system used in companies and organizations to handle internal and external calls.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Personal Computer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Common Control CHannel. The PCCCH comprises of logical channels for GPRS common control signaling.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Control Function. The PCF is the entity in the BS Plus that manages the relay of packets between the BS Plus and the WAVE2000 PDSN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Paging CHannel. A GSM common control channel used to send paging messages to the MSs.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Pulse Code Modulation. PCM is a process in which an analogue signal is encoded into a digital bit stream. The analogue is first sampled, then quantized and finally encoded into a bit stream.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCMCIA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. PCMCIA is a technical standard for small cards which are able to plug into notebooks to provide enhanced functions. Common examples are network cards, modem cards and security cards.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Protocol Converter. A PCR translates between two protocols to facilitate communications between </span>different systems.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCS 1900</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Personal Communications Services. A cellular phone network using digital techniques similar to those used in GSM 900, but operating on frequencies of 1865 - 1910 MHz and 1945 - 1990 MHz.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PCU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Control Unit. The PCU is responsible for the radio related aspects of GPRS when connected to a GSM network and lies between the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PDCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Data Channel. The PDCH is a general term for a timeslot in GPRS which may carry either signaling or user data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PDP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Data Protocol. Any protocol that transmits data as discrete units known as packets, such as IP or X.25.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PDS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Duplex Synchronous.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PDSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Data Service Node. A PDSN provides access to the internet, intranets and applications servers for mobile stations utilizing a cdma2000 Radio Access Network (RAN).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PDTCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Data Transmission CHannel. A PDTCH is a channel allocated for data transfer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PDU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Data Unit. A unit of data specified in an (N)-protocol layer and consisting of (N)-protocol control information and possibly (N)-user data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">PHysical (layer).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PID</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Path ID.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PIN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Personal Identification Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Plaintext</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Unciphered data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PLL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Phase Lock Loop (refers to phase locking the GCLK in the BTS).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PLMN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Public Land Mobile Network. The PLMN is a generic name for all mobile wireless networks that use land based radio transmitters or base stations.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Performance Management. An EMS application.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">P/N</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Part Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">POST</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Power-On Self Test.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">POTS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Plain Old Telephone Service (basic telephone services). A term used to describe an ordinary voice telephone service.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Peak-to-Peak.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PPM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Parts Per Million.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PPP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Point-to-Point Protocol. The PPP was designed to provide router to router and host to network connections over synchronous and asynchronous circuits.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PPS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Prepaid System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PRI/R2</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Primary Rate Interface/R2 Trunk Signaling. A PRI is an ISDN term describing either an E1 circuit in Europe or a T1 circuit in North America.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PRM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Performance Report Message.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PSAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Public Safety Answering Point.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PSPDN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Public Switched Packet Data Network. Public data communications network. X.25 links required for NE to EMS communications will probably be carried by PSPDN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PSTN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Public Switched Telephone Network. The landline telephone network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PTCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Packet Timing Advance Control Channel. The PTCCH is used in GPRS to ensure that the correct timing advance is maintained for each MS (Mobile Station).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PUCT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The value of the Home Unit in a currency chosen by the subscriber.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PVC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Permanent Virtual Circuit. A connection to a network that allows connection and disconnection to various points is a switched virtual circuit. Circuits that are routed through software switching devices like X.25 pads and frame relay networks are virtual. A hard wired connected in a plain old circuit, not a virtual circuit.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Password.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">PWR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Power.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_q"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Q</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">QA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Q (Interface) - Adapter.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">QAF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Q - Adapter Function.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">QoS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Quality Of Service. The performance of a communications channel or system is usually expressed in terms of QoS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">QCELP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">QualComm Code Excited Linear Predictive Coding. A vector quantizer-based speech codec that changes compression ratios for segments of speech.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_r"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">R</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">R2</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">R2 Trunk Signaling. R2 is a CCS (Common Channel Signaling) system that allows the equipment units at the exchanges to send and receive digits.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Routing Area. The SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) will control one or more RA (Routing Area). It is the responsibility of the mobile to keep the SGSN informed as to its current RA. Routing Areas can be made up of one or more cells.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RAB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Random Access Burst.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RAC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Routing Area Code. RAC is a fixed length of 1 octet and identifies a routing area within a location area.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RACCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Random Access Control Channel. A GSM common control channel used to originate a call or respond to a page.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RACH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Random Access Channel. The channel used for initial access into a system. The RACH function is different depending on the technology of the system.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RADIUS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. RADIUS is a system of distributed security that secures remote access to networks and network services against unauthorized access. RADIUS is designed to simplify the security process by separating the security technology from the communications technology.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RAI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Remote Alarm Indication.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RAM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Random Access Memory. RAM is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data currently in use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. Turning off the computer looses the data in the RAM.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RAND</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">RANDom number. A number selected from a known set of numbers in such a way that each number has the same probability of occurrence. This is typically used in the authentication and ciphering process.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RAU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Routing Area Update. A GPRS mobile will perform a RAU in the Ready and Standby state. The RAU is triggered when the mobile crosses a RA (Routing Area) boundary, or periodically. A RAU is also performed when the mobile moves from the Idle to the Standby state. This will typically happen when the mobile is powered on.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RBER</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Residual Bit Error Ratio.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">REC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">RECommendation.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">REJ</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">REJect(ion).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">REL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">RELease.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RELP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Residual Excited Linear Predictive.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RELP-LTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">RELP Long Term Prediction. A name for GSM full rate.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">REQ</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">REQuest.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Frequency. Any frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum normally associated with radio wave propagation.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RFC, RFCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Frequency Channel. A partition of the system RF spectrum allocation with a defined bandwidth and center frequency.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RFD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">RF Distribution card.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RFI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Frequency Interference.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RLC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Link Control. A sublayer of the radio interface that provides reliability. RLC varies depending on the communication system employed.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RLP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Link Protocol. An ARQ protocol used to transfer user data between an MT and IWF (see GSM 04.22).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RMC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Rate Metering and Congestion.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RMS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Root Mean Square (value).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ROM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Read Only Memory. ROM is built in computer memory containing data that normally can only be read but not written to. ROM is not lost when the computer is turned off.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RPE -Regular Pulse Excited. RPE-LTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Regular Pulse Excitation - Long Term Prediction. The GSM digital speech coding scheme.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Resource management. RR is used to control the radio resources over an air interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RSL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Radio Signaling Link.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RSSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Received Signal Strength Indication. RSSI is the measured power of a received signal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RSZI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Regional Subscription Zone Identity.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RTE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Remote Terminal Emulator.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rx</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Receive(r). Rx is the terminator of any signal on a transmission medium.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RXLEV_D</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Received signal level downlink. RXLEV_D indicates the average signal strength received downlink.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RXLEV_U</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Received signal level uplink. RXLEV_U indicates the average signal strength received uplink.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RXQUAL_D</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Received signal quality downlink. RXQUAL_D indicates the average signal quality received downlink.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">RXQUAL_U</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Received signal quality uplink. RXQUAL_U indicates the average signal quality received uplink.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_s"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">S</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SABM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode. A message which establishes the signaling link over the air interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SACCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Associated Control CHannel. A GSM control channel used by the MS for reporting RSSI and signal </span>quality measurements.</p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SACCH/C4</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Associated Control CHannel/SDCCH/4. A GSM signaling channel that provides a relatively low signaling connection. The SAACH is associated with either a traffic or dedicated channel. The SAACH can also be used to transfer SMS (Short Message Service) messages if associated with a traffic channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SACCH/C8</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Associated Control CHannel/SDCCH/8.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SACCHFT</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Associated Control CHannel/Traffic channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SACCHFTF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Associated Control CHannel/Traffic channel Full rate.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SACCHFTH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Associated Control CHannel/Traffic channel Half rate.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Access Point. In the reference model for OSI, SAPs of a layer are defined as gates through which services are offered to an adjacent higher layer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SAPI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Access Point Indicator (identifier). SAPI is used to identify a SAP and may identify what is required by the upper layer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Synchronization Burst (see Synchronization). SB is information used by the receiver to get synchronized to an incoming signal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCCP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling Connection Control Part provides connection-less and connection-oriented services and extended functions including specialized routing (GTT- Global Title Translation) and sub-system management capabilities above MTP3.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Control Function. SCF is used in IN (Intelligent Network) to control functional entities in providing Intelligent Network services.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Synchronization CHannel. A GSM broadcast control channel used to carry information for frame synchronization of MSs and identification of base stations.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Control Point (an intelligent network entity). SCP is a physical entity in the IN (Intelligent Network) that implements a SCF (Service Control Function).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Small Computer Serial Interface. SCSI is a standard for computer system communication.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SCTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Streaming Control Transmission Protocol. SCTP is a reliable transport protocol operating on top of IP.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SDCCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Standalone Dedicated Control CHannel. A GSM control channel where the majority of call setup occurs. Used for MS to BTS communications before MS assigned to TCH.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SDF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Data Function. SDF is the set of functions in a IN (Intelligent Network) that provides for the management of service data in accordance with a service data template.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SDH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. SDH is a method of transmitting digital information where the data is packed in containers which are synchronized in time enabling relatively simple modulation and demodulation at the transmitting and receiving ends. This technique is used to carry high capacity information over long distances.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SDU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Selection and Distribution Unit. In CDMA networks, the SDU combines the signals from multiple BTSs and converts the low-rate compressed data to and from 64 kb/s traffic used by the public switched telephone network (PSTN).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SEF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Severely Errored Frame.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SELV</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Safety Extra Low Voltage. Being specified as a SELV system includes a protective measure against direct and indirect contact with hazardous voltages through "safe separation" implemented in the device.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SES</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Severely Errored Second. A one-second period that contains >30% errored blocks or at least one severely disturbed period.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Superframe. Each SF consists of 12 frames.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SFH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Slow Frequency Hopping. SFH is a technique in which the carrier frequency changes using a predetermined hopping pattern. The hopping pattern is slower than the bit rate.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling Gateway. An SG is used to support the transport of signaling traffic received from one network and passed into another network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SGSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Serving GPRS Support Node. The SGSN keeps track of the location of an individual MS (Mobile Station) and performs security functions and access control.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SID</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Silence Descriptor. SID is a frame that conveys information on the background noise.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SIF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signal Information Field. The bits of a message signal unit that carry information for a certain user transaction; the SIF always contains a label.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SIM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Subscriber Identity Module. Removable module which is inserted into a mobile equipment; it is considered as part of the MS. It contains security related information (IMSI, Ki, PIN), other subscriber related information and the algorithms A3 and A8.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SITE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">BSC, BTS or collocated BSC-BTS site.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SLC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling Link Code. The SLC is the number of the SL (Signaling Link) to which SS7 MTP management messages are related.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Session Management. The SM function exists in the mobile and in the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) and handles PDP (Packet Data Protocol) Context Activation, Modification, Deactivation, and Preservation Functions.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Sub-Miniature type A connector.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMCLI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Subscriber Management Command Line Interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMEG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">SMS Email Gateway.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMG</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Special Mobile Group. The ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) technical committee SMG has the primary function of coordinating some aspects of GSM.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMGUI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Subscriber Management Graphical User Interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMPP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Support Short Message Peer-to-Peer.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Short Message Service. The SMS that allows a SME (Short Message Entity) to send text messages to other SME.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMSCB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Short Message Service Cell Broadcast.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMS-SC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Short Message Service - Service Center. The SMS-SC is a store and forward center for SMS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMS/PP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Short Message Service/Point-to-Point.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SMTP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP is the TCP/IP protocol which facilitates the transfer of electronic-mail messages, specifies how two systems are to interact, and the format of messages used to control the transfer of electronic mail.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Subscriber Number. SN is the number dialled to reach a customer in a telecoms network.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">S/N</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Serial Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SND</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">SEND.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SNDCP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol. SNDCP provides services to the higher layers which may include connectionless and connection-oriented mode, compression, multiplexing and segmentation.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SNMP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP is part of the TCP/IP suite and is used to control and manage IP gateways and other network functions.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SONET</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Synchronous Optical Network. SONET is an interface standard for synchronous optical fiber transmission, applicable to the physical layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling Point. A SP is a node in the SS7 network. it is either the originating or terminating point.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SPC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling Point Code. SPC is a code used by the SS7 network for routing purposes.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SQL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Structured Query Language.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SRES</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signed RESponse (authentication). SRES is the variable generated in the AUC (Authentication Center) and the MS (Mobile Station). A successful authentication occurs if the SRES value received from the AUC by the VLR (Visitor Location Register) matches that sent by the MS.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SRF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Specialized Resource Function. SRF is the set of functions for the control and access to resources used in providing services.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SS7, SS#7</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">CCITT Signaling System No. 7 (alias C7). A CCS (Common Channel Signaling) system defined by the ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standardization Sector).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SSF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Switch Function. SSF is the set of processes in an IN (Intelligent Network) that provides the communication path for interaction between a CCF (Call Control Function) and a SSF (Service Switching Function).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SSN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Sub System Number. The SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part) function uses the SSN to determine the local subsystem.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SSP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Service Switching Point (an intelligent network element). SSP is the physical entity in an IN (Intelligent Network) that implements the service switching function.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SSP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">SCCP messages, Subsystem-prohibited.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">STP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Signaling Transfer Point. In a common channel signaling network, a STP provides for the transfer of signaling messages from one SL (Signaling Link) to another.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SUBM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Subscriber Management.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Superframe</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">51 traffic/associated control multiframes or 26 broadcast/common control multiframes (period 6.12 s).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SW</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Software.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Synchronization</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Period of RF carrier less than one timeslot whose modulation bit stream burst carries information for the MS to synchronize its frame to that of the received signal.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">SYS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">SYStem.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">T</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">T1</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">24-channel 1.544 Mbps communication system.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Terminal Adaptor. A physical entity in the MS (Mobile Station) providing terminal adaptation functions (see GSM 04.02).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Timing Advance. In order to get TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) schemes to work, the time-frames from each mobile must be synchronized when received by a base station. This synchronization is achieved by using the concept of TA. The TA value can be computed only by the BTS, and is then provided to the mobile through signaling.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TAF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Terminal Adaptation Function. The functional part of the MS (Mobile Station) which performs the adaptation between a specific terminal equipment (TE) and the generic radio transmission part is called the TAF.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Telelocator Alphanumeric Protocol. TAP defines the wireless standard for sending alphanumeric messages to pagers.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TBF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Time Between Failures. TBF is that average time that a component works without failure. It is calculated by dividing the total number of failures into the total number of operating hours.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TBF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Temporary Block Flow. A TBF is a physical connection used by the two RR (Radio Resource) entities to support the unidirectional transfer of LLC (logical Link Control) PDU (Protocol Data Unit) on packet data physical levels. A TBF is temporary and only remains for the duration of the data flow.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transaction Capabilities.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TCAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transaction Capabilities Application Part (of Signaling System No. 7). TCAP enables the deployment of advanced intelligence in the network by supporting non circuit related information exchange between SP (Signaling Point) using the SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part) connectionless service.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TCH</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Traffic CHannel. GSM logical channels which carry either encoded speech or user data. A Traffic channel can be one of the following: TCH/F (full rate TCH), TCH/F2.4 (full rate TCH at < 2.4 kbit/s), TCH/F4.8 (full rate TCH at 4.8 kbit/s), TCH/F9.6 (full rate TCH at 9.6 kbit/s), TCH/FS (full rate speech TCH), TCH/H (half rate TCH), TCH/H2.4 (half rate TCH at 2.4 kbit/s), TCH/H4.8 (half rate TCH at 4.8 kbit/s) or TCH/HS (half rate speech TCH).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TCP/IP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The TCP/IP suite includes, but is not limited to, protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), IP (Internet Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TDM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Time Division Multiplexing. TDM is a digital multiplexing technique in which two or more apparently simultaneous channels can be combined to form a bit stream by interleaving bits or bit words from different channels.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TDMA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Time Division Multiple Access. TDMA is a communication technique that uses a common channel for communications among multiple users by allocating each a unique time slot.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Terminal Equipment. Equipment that provides the functions necessary for the operation of the access protocols by the user.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tei</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Terminal endpoint identifier. Tei is a unique identifier given to each device or terminal on an ISDN S or T interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TEI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Terminal Equipment Identity. Each TRX (Transceiver) in a BTS (Base Transceiver Station) corresponds to one or several links and these links are distinguished by TEIs.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Test SIM</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">SIM used for handset and network testing.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TFA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">TransFer Allowed. TFA is a procedure included in the signaling route management functionality that is used to inform a signaling point that a signaling route to a specific destination has become available.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TFP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">TransFer Prohibited. TFA is a procedure included in the signaling route management functionality that is used to inform a signaling point of the unavailability of a signaling route.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Timeslot</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">The multiplex subdivision in which voice and signaling bits are sent over the air. Each RF carrier is divided into eight timeslots.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Timing advance</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A signal sent by the BTS to the MS. It enables the MS to advance the timing of its transmission to the BTS so as to compensate for propagation delay.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TLLI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Temporary Logical Link Identity. The TLLI provides a signaling address for communication between the MS (Mobile Station) and the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node).</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TMN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Telecommunications Management Network. The implementation of the Network Management functionality required for the PLMN is in terms of physical entities which together constitute the TMN.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TMSI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. A unique identity temporarily allocated by the MSC to a visiting mobile subscriber to process a call. May be changed between calls and even during a call, to preserve subscriber confidentiality.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Timeslot Number. The radio interface of GSM uses a combination of FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) along with Frequency Hopping to create channels. The information is sent in time and frequency windows which we call slots. Each frequency is divided into 8 timeslots, numbering 0 to 7.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TON</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Type Of Number.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Traffic channels</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Channels which carry users' speech or data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Traffic unit</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Equivalent to an Erlang.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Training sequence</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Sequence of modulating bits employed to facilitate timing recovery and channel equalization in the receiver.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Transceiver</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A device that transmits and receives. In IEEE 802.3 networks, the attachment hardware that connects the controller interface to the transmission cable.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TRAU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transcoder Rate Adaption Unit. The TRAU performs a transcoding (encoding/decoding) function for speech channels and rate adaptation for data channels.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TRFD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">TurboWAVE Radio Frequency Distribution card.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TRX</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">TRansceiver(s). A network component which can serve full duplex communication on eight full-rate traffic channels according to specification GSM 05.02. If Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) is not used, then the TRX serves the communication on one RF carrier.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Timeslot (see Timeslot). In a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) system the carrier is split into multiple timeslots, the duration being dependant on the technology.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Technical Specification.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">TeleService. A TS is a complete end-to-end service, including terminal capabilities used by the end parties.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TSC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Training Sequence Code. The TSC is used to maintain timing and equalize the channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TSDI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transceiver Speech & Data Interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TSP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Telecommunications Service Provider.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TU</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Traffic Unit. 1 TU = 1 Erlang.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TUP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Telephone User Part (of Signaling System No. 7). TUP was an earlier implementation of SS7 that did not allow for data type applications.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tx</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transmit(ter). The source or generator of any signal on a transmission medium.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">TXPWR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Transmit PoWeR; Tx power level in the MS-TXPWR_REQUEST and MS-TXPWR-CONF parameters.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_u"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">U</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Unnumbered Acknowledgment. A message sent from the MS to the BSS to acknowledge release of radio resources when a call is being cleared.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UDI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Unrestricted Digital Information. This is an ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) term to describe the ability to transfer any bit pattern over a digital channel.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UDUB</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">User Determined User Busy.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UI</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Unnumbered Information frame.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Um</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Air interface.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UMTS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">User Parts.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UPD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Up to date.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Uplink</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Physical link from the MS towards the BTS (MS transmits, BTS receives).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UPS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Uninterruptable Power Supply.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">US</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">United States of America.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">USSD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Unstructured Supplementary Services Data.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UTRA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Universal Terrestrial Radio Access.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UUS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">User-to-User Signaling supplementary service.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_v"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">V</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VA</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Vitirbi Algorithm (used in channel equalizers).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VAC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Volts AC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VAD</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Voice Activity Detection. A process used to identify presence or absence of speech data bits. VAD is used with DTX.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VAS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Value Added Services.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VCO</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Voltage Controlled Oscillator.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VDC</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Volts DC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VLR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Visitor Location Register. A GSM network element which provides a temporary register for subscriber information for a visiting subscriber. Often a part of the MSC.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VME</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">VersaModule-Eurocard bus.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VMS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Voice Mail System. The VMS provides voice mail service to the calling party when the called party is busy, no answer, not reachable or turned off.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VPLMN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Visited Public Land Mobile Network. A VPLMN is that PLMN on which the mobile subscriber has roamed when leaving their HPLMN (Home Public Land Mobile Network).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VPS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Voice Prompt System (also known as Audio Announcement Server).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VSWR</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. The VSWR is the ratio between the sum and difference of the incident and the reflection voltage waves.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">VSS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Voice Service System. It integrates the Audio Announcement System (AAS) and Voice Mail System (VMS) to provide both multi-lingual announcement and voice mail service. </span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_w"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">W</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">WAN</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Wide Area Network. A network that provides data communications over a large geographical area.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">WAP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Wireless Access Protocol. WAP is a standard that allows the content of the Internet to be viewed on the screen of mobile devices such as a mobile phone.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">WLL</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Wireless Local Loop. WLL is a system that connects subscribers to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) using radio signals.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">WOS</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">Wireless Office System.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">UltraWAVE</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">WAVEXchange II Switch. The UltraWAVE is a large capacity Altobridge digital wireless switch which can support GMSC, MSC, VLR and HLR switch configurations and is equipped with multiple A-Interface and PSTN trunks. The UltraWAVE integrates value-added IN prepaid, short message, voice mail and multi-party conference services. The UltraWAVE can support up to 100,000 subscribers.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_x"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">X</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">X.25</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">CCITT specification and protocols for public packet-switched networks.</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">X.25 link</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">A communications link which conforms to X.25 specifications and uses X.25 protocol (NE to EMS links).</span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">X/MOTIF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">X windows Motif. The basis of the GUI used for the Altobridge EMS.</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_y"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Y</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">YP</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">yellow pages</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; background: #c0c0c0; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><a id="h9_z"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Z</span></p><p> </p>
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<p style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial';color:#000000;display:inline-block;width:13px;margin-left:-13px">•</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ZF</span></p><p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest">intermediate frequency</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><a href="9.htm" class="topiclink"><img src="0_011.gif" width="13" height="16" alt="0_011" style="border:none" /></a><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="color: #339966;">TOP</span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest"><span class="f_NoramlTest"> </span></p>
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<p class="p_NoramlTest" style="text-align: right;"><span class="f_NoramlTest" style="font-size: 8pt;">9</span></p>
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</td></tr></table>
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</body>
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</html>
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